Electric & Hybrid Vehicle Technology - July 2021
Connected EVs (NXP)
2021-07-20 03:39:49
The future of vehicle networking is changing and is creating a growing number of exciting opportunities
▶▶There are exciting trends and innovative networking solutions in the new e-mobility architectures for future cars. As a result of new services, applications and the increased number of sensors for ADAS, the general emphasis is on high-speed communication, driving the transition from the hardware-centric model towards a software-centric zonal network architecture.
In the past, one Electronic Control Unit (ECU) controlled one function – all independent but connected. For future in-vehicle networking architectures, wiring simplification is key, which, in turn, reduces the overall weight of the car and improves efficiency. Instead of connecting modules on the same domain, modules are connected based on proximity aggregating them with zonal control gateways placed in the different zones of the car. In this physical restructuring of the zones, the domains still exist as all systems are isolated at the software level, making it logically clean. It is also more physically clean as the cabling greatly simplified.
To meet the requirements of a service-oriented gateway (SoG), high-speed, safe and secure communication is essential. High-speed communication mainly involves the communication towards the edge nodes. The high-speed CAN (HS-CAN) nodes with data rates up to 1 Mbps are transitioning towards CAN FD, which supports larger data packets with data rates up to 5 Mbps. CAN buses are migrating to automotive Ethernet, also known as single-pair Ethernet (SPE), for its two-wire cable with even higher data rates of up to 1 Gbps (1000BASE-T1).
Safe Ethernet switching must continuously monitor for failure detection in real-time. In an event of failure, a safety-critical system should be able to provide safe degraded services, and broad support for time-sensitive networking (TSN) services. Here, implementing ASIL D classified Ethernet switches, which have the highest level of initial hazard (injury risk) as within ISO 26262, ensures safe communications. On the physical layer, support for the ISO 26262 safety and warning mechanisms in hardware enables localized key parameter monitoring.
For powertrain management optimization, the propulsion domain controller (PDC) has central access to propulsion domain data and makes high-level propulsion decisions. Mathematically-intense control decisions and AI can be used to increase range and vehicle efficiency significantly with access to this data, in combination with other road users’ crowdsourced data. An electric vehicle’s range can be extended by using the real-time processing and math acceleration in the PDC. This is then coupled with machine learning (ML) model deployment from the cloud and real-time information.
The GreenBox Vehicle Electrification Development Platform from NXP provides high-performance processing to support electrification and next-generation hybrid engines and their energy management tasks, as well as the associated design and testing of control algorithms.
The platform contains two microcontrollers, the S32S24 and MPC5777C, along with a range of highly-optimized peripherals such as motor control, advanced timers, and analog interfaces to control actuators and vehicle sensors. NXP has created a Connected EV management solution by integrating the GoldBox service-oriented gateway reference design with the GreenBox platform operating as a Propulsion Domain Controller, together with Amazon Web Services (AWS) edge and cloud software.
The GreenBox performs real-time control of battery management, dual electric motors and supervisory functions, including energy optimization. It does this while sending real-time EV data to the GoldBox for edge processing and secure cloud connectivity to the AWS CMS.
Range and vehicle performance impact consumer adoption of EVs, so there are substantial ongoing efforts to increase vehicle efficiency. Together high-speed, safe and secure connected and electrified vehicles will accelerate the transformation of vehicles and offer new opportunities for automakers.
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Connected EVs (NXP)
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